【简介】

The Council of Europe released a preliminary version of the Manual for Relating Language Examinations to the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR) in 2003. Over the next 5 years a wide range of and individuals undertook case studies to pilot this draft version. Towards the close of the piloting phase, a two-day colloquium was held in Cambridge, UK, enabling practitioners and academics to reflect on and share their experiences of applying the Manual procedures. Insights from this colloquium informed the Manual revision project during 2008/2009.

This volume features selected case studies presented at the Cambridge colloquium in December 2007. They include the linking of a single test to the CEFR, the CEFR-linking of suites of examinations at different levels and large scale national projects undertaken by examination boards and specialist research institutes. Some studies focus on part of an examination, while others involve all test components. Some apply one or two of the approaches proposed in the Manual, others explore the full set of procedures-familiarisation, specification, standardization, and empirical validation. As well as describing their studies and reporting their findings, contributors reflect and comment on their experience of using the draft Manual, A clear and comprehensive introductory chapter explains the development of the CEFR and the draft Manual for linking tests, and discusses its relevance for the future.

The volume will be of interest to examination boards, language test developers and educational Policy-makers, as well as academic lecturers, researchers and graduate students interested in the principles and practice of aligning tests to the CEFR.

【出版说明】

语言测试作为语言教学的重要组成部分，一直是社会关注的焦点。近年来，我国学术界对语言测试研究的关注也在逐渐升温。国际上，学者们对语言测试的研究已经达到较高的水平，无论是从理论框架的形成到复杂数学模型的建构及其应用方面都取得了实质性的进展，而且在对有国际影响力的外语考试（如雅思、托福等）的信度、效度的研究方面也取得了不俗的成果，出版了不少优秀的著作。

英国剑桥大学出版社出版的‘Studies in Language Testing”是其中较有影响力的系列之一。丛书由剑桥语言测评中心策划推出，从测试领域的各个研究视角入手，展示了该领域研究的设计、数据收集和数据分析等环节的基础理论与实践操作，反映了测试领域的最新研究动态。

外教社从中精选9种，引进出版。这些图书中，有对语言测试听说读写等方面的效度和质性研究，也有对测试反拨效应及其对教学影响的研究，还有对雅思考试和欧洲语言共同参考框架的分析思考。希望丛书的出版可以为我国语言测试研究领域的发展和创新提供具有借鉴意义的启示，打开更广阔的研究思路。

【目录】

Acknowledgements

Series Editors note

From the Editor of this volume

Waldemar Martyniuk

Introduction: The Manual for Relating language examinations to the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages in the context of the Council of Europes work on language education Brian North, Waldemar Martyniuk and Johanna Panthier

The Cambridge Colloquium on using the preliminary pilot version of the Manual, December 2007-summary of discussion

Lynda Taylor

Section One

Linking single tests to the CEFR

1 The City & Guilds Communicator examination linking project: a brief overview with reflections on the process

Barry OSullivan

2 Putting the Manual to the test: the TestDaF-CEFR linking project

Gabriele Kecker and Thomas Eckes

3 Maintaining alignment to the CEFR: the FCE case study 

Hanan Khalifa, Angela ffrench and Angeliki Salamoura

4 Benchmarking a high-stakes proficiency exam: the COPE linking project

Elif Kantarcioglu, Carole Thomas, John ODwyer and Barry OSullivan

5 Mapping the Advanced Level Certificate in English(ALCE) examination onto the CEFR

Nigel Downey and Charalambos Kollias

Section Two

Linking a suite of exams to the CEFR

6 Relating language examinations to the CEFR: ECL as a case study

Gabor Szabo

7 Linking international examinations to the CEFR: the Trinity College London experience

Spiros Papageorgiou

8 Linking the CILS examinations to the CEFR: the A1 speaking test

Monica Barni, Anna Maria Scaglioso and Sabrina Machetti 

9 Linking the general English suite of Euro Examinations to the CEFR: a case study report

Gergely A David

10 Relating the GEPT reading comprehension tests to the CEFR Jessica Wu and Rachel Wu

Section Three

Large-scale multilingual assessment frameworks at national level 

11 Asset Languages: a case study of piloting the CEFR Manual Neil Jones, Karen Ashton and Tamsin Walker

12 Mapping the Dutch foreign language state examinations onto the CEFR

Jose Noijons and Henk Kuijper

Notes on the volume contributors